BIS for banking services to central banks
Basel in switzerland
Emerge as stocke exchange for smez
Disinflation is reduction in rate of inflation ie inflation is still there
Swabhimaan in 2012 to provide banking services in less banked areas
Rbi does banking stability index
Wto setup under uruguay round
Imf and world bank part of un only
Wto not part
Gats under uruguay round covers
National treatment
Market access
Mod1 to mod4
TRIMS eschews local content requirement
BIS for banking services to central banks
Basel in switzerland
Emerge as stocke exchange for smez
Disinflation is reduction in rate of inflation ie inflation is still there
Bs
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) hosts the CTCN in collaboration with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the support of a consortium of partners (see below) that are engaged in some 1,500 activities related to climate technologies in over 150 countries.
The Centre and the Network
The CTCN consists of two parts: a centre—a coordinating entity located in UN City Copenhagen—and a worldwide network of organizations that delivers CTCN services—both virtually and actually. In short, the centre operates the network, and together they constitute the CTCN.
National adaptation fund for climate a css with NABARD as national implementing agency.
Cites ..conevtion
Cms/bonn ..convention
Wwf the living planet
The energy report
Wwf earth hour
Traffic is iucn and wwf
Now the ganaga council has been setup via an executive order but empowered to take action via environment protection act
Pm as chairman
Minster of Ganga rejuvenation as vice chairman
Other host of cabinet ministers as ex officio memeberaan
The central pollution control board setup via water act
GEAC via environment protection act
Harike Barrage is built upon the confluence of the great rivers Satluj and Beas in Punjab. 1.4 kms long barrage is an extraordinary example of modern engineering.
Harike Barrage is the start of India’s greatest water canal, Indira Gandhi Canal. The great canal is carries water for almost 640 kms which helps the land of Punjab and northern western Rajasthan. Indira Gandhi Canal was completed in 1987.
The Chenab originates from the confluence of two rivers, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which themselves originate from either side of the Bara Lacha Pass in Lahul. It is also known as the Chandrabhaga in Himachal Pradesh. It runs parallel to the Pir Panjal Range in the north-westerly direction, and cuts through the range near Kishtwar. It enters the plains of Punjab near Akhnur and is later joined by the Jhelum. It is further joined by the Ravi and the sutlej in pakistan
Flows Northward & parallel to Pir –Panjal Range for some distanceCut through gorge in Pir – Panjal & Turns southwardLargest tributary of Indus, Flows through Himachal & J & KFamous Projects → Duhasti, Baglihar & Salal hydroelectric project
Ravi
The Ravi originates near the Rotang pass in the Kangra Himalayas and follows a north-westerly course. It turns to the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhaola Dhar range entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur. It flows as a part of the Indo-Pakistan border for some distance before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab river. The total length of the river is about 720 km.
Beas
The Beas originates in Beas Kund, lying near the Rohtang pass. It runs past Manali and Kulu, where its beautiful valley is known as the Kulu valley. It first follows a north-west path from the town of Mandi and later a westerly path, before entering the Punjab plains near Mirthal. It joins the Sutlej river near Harika, after being joined by a few tributaries. The total length of the river is 615 km.
Muqti were iqtadars who held iqta land
Prashasti was inscriptions or writings in praise of the king
Rudradevi one female ruler of kaktiya dynasty in deccan probably telangana
Samantas were landed gentry who were controlled or put to aukat by delhi sultanate
Watan jagirs were the more autonomous provinces under mughal sultanate
Shershah suri admn followed by akbar
exoplanet
ˈɛksəʊplanɪt/
noun
a planet which orbits a star outside the solar system.
Ecomark by BIS bis under consumer affair ministry
Logo of a pot
Unep 1972
Hq nairobi
Ipcc 1988
Unced aka earth summit 1992
Unced gave birth to 3
1. Cbd
2. Unfccc
3. Agenda 21
Both cbd and unfccc will be funded via gef..green environment facility
In 2010 cancun summit ..green climate fund proposed
In 2011 durban summit gcf disposed
In cbd role of women and ngo recognised
Also cbd talks of funding poor countries
Annex2 yes you too shall pay...annex 2 is developing countries who will do reduction and pay developing nations
This is identical to CDM.In CDM, Australia can do good project in a non-Annex country (developing country) e.g. India.In Joint Implementation, Australia can do the good project in another Annex B country e.g. Japan to meet the quota.
Annex a is gases
Annex b is targets or quota
Cbd legally binding because access and benefit sharing OBLIGATION
14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e., cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.
The current version of ISO 14001 is ISO 14001:2015 which was published in September 2015.
ISO 14000 is similar to ISO 9000 quality management in that both pertain to the process of how a product is produced, rather than to the product itself. As with ISO 9001, certification is performed by third-party organizations rather than being awarded by ISO directly. The ISO 19011 and ISO 17021 audit standards apply when audits are being performed.
Inscriptions from
1. Ashoka and queen
2. Samudragupta eulogy in chaste sanskrit in guptaised brahmi
3. Jahangir in persian
Ashokan pillar was first found by feroz shah tughlaq but of course he didnt decipher it
Vishakhadatta mudrarakshasa
Bhasha svapnavasadatta
Sudraka little clay cart mrich katika
Kaidasa
Malvikagnimitra.love of makvika agnimitra
Vikramorvasiya love of vikram urvasi
Abhigyana shakauntalam.. recognising shakuntala
Meghduta..cloud messanger
Kumara sambhava..birth of kumar
Raghusambhva..birth of raghu
Ritusambra..medely of 4 season
Varahmihira
Brihat samhita..
Panch siddhantika... book on astrology
During kali age he also prescribed size of houses according to varna
Amuktamalyada is an epic poem in Telugu composed by Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagar Dynasty. Amuktamalyada translates to one who wears and gives away garlands
Brahmagupta brahmasupta sidhantika..mentioned zero for the first time
Bhaskaracharya...siddhant siromini having arithmetic algebra sphere nd astrology
Charka samhita on herbs and plants
Susrut samhita on surgery and obsetrics
Budhyana sulvasutra
Badryana brahmasutra
Vatsyana kamasutra
Mahatra and pattikala are village headmen
Yakshagana is folk of karnataka
Every year, a monthlong ecologically important campaign/festival is held during which certain communities/ tribes plant saplings of fruit-bearing trees. Which of the following are such communities/ tribes?
[A]Bhutia and Lepcha
[B]Gond and Korku
[C]lrula and Toda
[D]Sahariya and Agariya
Show Answer
Gond and Korku
This question is based upon recent trends in Gond and Korku tribes in Madhya Pradesh of planting fruit tree saplings conciding with Hari jiroti festival.
e Finance Minister said that in 2017-18, a programme SANKALP (Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion Programme) will be launched at a cost of Rs 4,000 crore. SANKALP will provide market relevant training to 3.5 crore youth.
Besides, Jaitley said the next phase of skill strengthening for industrial value enhancement (STRIVE) will be launched in 2017-18 at a cost of Rs 2,200 crore. STRIVE will focus to improve on the quality and the market relevance of vocational training provided in ITIs and strengthen the apprenticeship programme through industry-cluster approach.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi chairing the 3rd Governing Council Meet of the NITI Aayog, in New Delhi on Sunday. (Source: PTI)44) Consider the following :
Calcutta Unitarian CommitteeTabernacle of New DispensationIndian Reform Association
Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment of which of the above?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: B
Justification: Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established in 1823 by Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam. So, 1 is wrong.
In 1868, Keshub laid the foundation stone of his new church, the Tabernacle of New Dispensation. So, 2 is correct.
Indian reform association was founded in 1870 with Keshub Chunder Sen as president. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj. So, 3 is correct.
The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. Its formation was a major event of 19th-century India. Its establishment meant Indians had come together and could no longer be ignored. It developed enormous hopes amongst the Indians about their future.[2]
The first committee of the association was composed of : Raja Radhakanta Deb – President, Raja Kalikrishna Deb – Vice-President, Debendranath Tagore – secretary, Digambar Mitra – Asst Secretary, members – Raja Staya Saran Ghosal, Harakumar Tagore, Prasanna Coomar Tagore, Ramanath Tagore, Jay Krishna Mukerjee, Asutosh Deb, Harimohan Sen, Ramgopal Ghosh, Umesh Chandra Dutta (Rambagan), Krishna Kishore Ghosh, Jagadananda Mukhopadhyay, Peary Chand Mitra, and Sambhunath Pandit.[3]
Most of the early leaders of the British Indian Association were conservatives by tradition and temperament, although there were some progressive like Ramgopal Ghosh and Peary Chand Mitra.[1]
It was formed by the amalgamation of the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society.[1]
United india patriotic association by Syed ahmed khan and raja of benaras to counter congress. This association was encouraged by british
Like subhash chandra bose played crucial role in INA
an other bose by the name of anand mohan bose created indian national association INA
with sn bannerjee ...it followed and incorpoated the indian league by sishir bose
Prarthana samaj... as keshub founded his church so this prarthana as well with atmarang pandurao
Paramhans mandali by dadoba pandurang and bal sashtri daaambekar #darpan.. it was secret socio religious reform committee kindish
Poona sarvajanik sabha aka mg ranade
Madras mahajan sabha ..subrimanian iyer anada charlu. Established on same patterns of poona S. Sabha
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was a revolutionary organization of India established in 1924 at village Bholachang in East Bengal by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen and Pratul Ganguly as an offshoot of Anushilan Samiti. Its objective was to establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized and armed revolution.
The Leader of the House is a Rajya Sabha member who is either a cabinet minister or another nominated minister. The Leader has a seat next to the Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, in the front row.
Leader of lok sabha is by default PM otherwise any member nominated by him
Nautanki up
Bhavai Gujarat
Maach madhya pradesh
Bhaona Assam
Tamasha Maharashtra
Krishnaattam kerala
Theyam derrived from sanskrit word devam meaning god
Koodiyatam kerala
Mudiyettu kerala
Therukothu frm jalilkattu
Ramann preet..theatre of gharwal also chamoli district
Ramlila
Vedic chanting
Buddhist chanting
Navroz parsi new year
Mudiyettu kerala
Kalbeila rajasthan movements like serpent
Chhau odisha jharkhand wb
Sankirtana
The petroglyph rock art at Daraki-Chattan (hillock) near Bhanpura in Mandsaur district is the “world’s oldest rock art” and is almost 2 to 5 lakh years’ old, according to experts.
The PSLV has four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately. The first stage, one of the largest solid rocket motors
The second stage employs the Vikas engine and carries 41.5 tonnes (40 tonnes till C-5 mission) of liquid propellant – unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidiser.
On the PSLV and PSLV-XL, first stage thrust is augmented by six strap-on solid boosters. Four boosters are ground-lit and the remaining two ignite 25 seconds after lau
In case of gslv it is a three stage rocket with the first stage using solid fuel second has liquid fuel with vikas engine. The third and distinguishing feature is the cryogenic engine.
It is said, that South Indian Music, as known today, flourished in Deogiri the capital city of the Yadavas in the middle ages, and that after
the invasion and plunder of the city by the Muslims, the entire cultural life of the city took shelter in the Carnatic Empire of Vijayanagar
under the reign of Krishnadevaraya.
Thereafter, the music of South India came to be known as Carnatic Music.
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The Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) is one of the primary indices used to monitor the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ONI is calculated by averaging sea surface temperature anomalies in an area of the eastcentral equatorial Pacific Ocean, in the region (5S to 5N; 170W to 120W). Also, a 3-month time average (running mean) is calculated in order to better isolate variability closely related to the ENSO phenomenon.
Bio-hydrogen can be produced biologically, most commonly by algae, bacteria and archaea from waste organic materials
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SWIFT assigns each financial organization a unique code that has either eight characters or 11 characters. The code is called interchangeably the bank identifier code (BIC).
It is only a messaging system—SWIFT does not hold any funds or securities, nor does it manage client accounts
The population of India as recorded at each decennial census from 1901 has grown steadily except for a decrease during 1911-21
----photochemical smog. Photochemical smog occurs in warm, dry and sunny climate.
---smog.
It is most likely to occur in cold, humid and overcast condition
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SARTTAC
It will work to support local member countries of South Asia viz. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka to build human and institutional capacity and implement policies for growth and poverty reduction
is financed mainly by its six member South Asia countries (mentioned above) with additional support from Australia, South Korea, European Union and United Kingdom
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
It was set up as a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).It is dedicated to eradicating poverty and hunger in rural areas of developing countries.
It provides low interest loans and grants to finance innovative agricultural projects.
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority, India.
It was established in pursuance of broad provisions of the Trade Related Aspects of the Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
This is done by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) and State Biodiversity authorities
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National Urban Information system (NUIS) intends
ISRO, Survey of India under directions of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoURD)are creating an urban GIS database with the help of satellite images and aerial photography
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Out of 68 percent conventional energy coal is near 60 percent then is gas then oil. Nuclear is 1.8
14 percent by hydro power
16 by renewable which includes solar wind small hydro and biomass gasification.
First time renewable takes over hydro power.
315gw total power of india
Photochemical smog is a mixture of air pollutants which have been chemically altered into further noxious compounds by exposure to sunlight. The main components of photochemical smog are nitrogen oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), tropospheric ozone, and PAN (peroxyacytyl nitrate).
Rammohun Roy was the pioneer of political movement in India. He was the first Indian to focus the attention of the Englishmen on the grievances of India and to ask for remedial measures. The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha was formed in 1836 by associates of Rammohun Roy.
Image Source: cdn.vrworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Revolt1.jpg
The Zamindari Association, more popularly known as the “Landholders Society” was founded in 1838 to safeguard the interests of the landlords. It marked the beginning of an organised political activity and use of methods of constitutional agitation for the redressal of grievances.
The Bengal British India Society was founded in 1843 with the object of “the collection and dissemination of information relating to the actual condition of the popel of British India and to employ such other means of peaceful and lawful character as may appear calculated to secure the welfare, extend the just rights and advance the interests of all classes of our fellow subjects”,
In 1851, both the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society merged into a new one named the British Indian Association. The Indian League was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghose in 1875 with the object of “stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and of encouraging political education.
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The Indian Association founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876 superseded the Indian League. It hoped to attract not only the middle classes but also the masses by keeping low membership fee. Soon the Indian Association became the centre of the leading representatives of the educated community of Bengal. Branches of the association were opened in other towns and cities of Bengal and even outside Bengal.
The Indian Association set before itself the aims of creating strong public opinion in the country on political questions and the unification of the Indian people on a common political programme.
Political Associations in Bombay:
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by Mahadeo Govind Ranade and others, with the object of serving as a bridge between the Government one the one hand and the people on the other. The Bombay Presidency Association was started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta and K.T. Telang in 1885.
Political Associations in Madras:
In 1884, the Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded by M. Viraraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer and P. Anandacharlu. The East Indian Association was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London to discuss the Indian question and to influence British public men to promote Indian welfare. Later he organised branches of the Association in prominent Indian cities.
Atmarang panduang with help of keshub chandra sen found the prarthana samaj
Mg ranade was aslo vital memeberaan
Mg ranade also organised another organisation staring with P alphabet ie poona sarvajanik sabha
Mg ranade also found indian national social conference with ranghunath rao. Turned out that national congress did not want to go too heavy on social reform therefore formed this separate wing to do so. Insc part of inc
1. The new, three lane, 9.15 kilometre Dhola-Sadiya bridge has been built over river Lohit, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, and links Dhola in Assamto Sadiya in Arunachal Pradesh.
2. Earlier, the only means to cross the Brahmaputra at this location was by ferry in the daytime, and even this was not possible during floods. The Dhola- Sadiya bridge will ensure 24X7 connectivity between upper Assam and the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh.
WHY SHOULD WE MEASURE AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER?
The growing awareness of both PM10 and PM2.5 is largely associated with the potential damaging effects they can have on the human body. The World Health Organisation (WHO) believes particles are affecting more people worldwide than any other pollutant. Primary health effects include damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Due to the small size of PM10 and PM2.5 particles, they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs as well as access the gas exchange regions of the lung via diffusion.
As a result of the damaging health effects from PM10 and PM2.5 the WHO recommend the following exposure limits:
These guidelines can be hard to follow and many authorities do not meet the limits above, for example, the United States and Europe have much higher PM10 exposure thresholds. Governments must weigh up the potential damage to population health with the cost of reducing particulate concentrations. A great first step to understanding the seriousness of the issue is to monitor PM.
It is worth also mentioning larger particles (above 10µm). These sized particles are not usually acknowledged in government health legislation as they can be filtered out in the nose and throat. Instead, they are known as a nuisance rather than a health risk. Total Suspended Particles (TSP) is the term used when referring to larger particles. TSP does not have a specified size limit and therefore covers the full range of particle sizes. It is common for TSP to be measured alongside PM10 and PM2.5, particularly at industrial sites where nuisance dust assessment and monitoring is becoming more frequent.
The Fakir-Sannyasi rebellion or Fakir-Sannyasi revolt (Bengali: সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহ, The monks' rebellion) were the activities of sannyasis and fakirs (Hindu and Muslim ascetics, respectively) in Bengal against the East India Company rule in the late 18th century. It is also known as the Fakir-Sannyasi rebellion (ফকির-সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহ) which took place around Murshidabad and Baikunthupur forests of Jalpaiguri. Historians have not only debated what events constitute the rebellion, but have also varied on the significance of the rebellion in Indian history. While some refer to it as an early war for India's independence from foreign rule, since the right to collect tax had been given to the British East India Company after the Battle of Buxar in 1764, others categorize it as acts of violent banditry following the depopulation of the province in the Bengal famine of 1770.[1]
Akbar introduced the Dahasala or Zabati system of land revenue collection in 1580-82 to alleviate the problems arising due to fixing prices every year and doing settlements of revenues of previous years. In this system, average produce of ten years was derived. One third of this average produce was fixed in Rupees per Bigha and fixed as share of the state (Mal). Rest two third share was left to the cultivators (Kharaj). The state demand in kind was given in maunds; but for the conversion of the state demand from kind to cash, a separate schedule of cash revenue rates for various crops was fixed, which were called as Dastur-i-amal. Each revenue circle had a separate schedule of dastur-i-amal for various crops. Thus the peasant was required to pay on the basis of local produce as well as local prices. Dahsala System or Zabti System was introduced by Raja Todarmal, the able finance minister of Akbar, who had honed his skills under his first master Shershah Suri. This system prevailed from Lahore to Allahabad and in the provinces of Malwa and Gujarat. This remained a standard system of revenue assessment during the greater part of the Mughal empire. During Shahjahan’s era, it was introduced in the Deccan by Murshid Quli khan.
http://www.gktoday.in/dahasala-system/
Indira Gandhi had exposed the Western efforts to impose environmental colonialism at the Stockholm Conference in 1972 and declared that “poverty is the worst polluter” and demanded that “the polluter must pay”. But she had also conceded that development should be sustainable. India’s Chandrashekhar Dasgupta and U.S.’s Al Gore worked together for the historic agreements in Rio de Janeiro, which led to the signing of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) in 1992.
Pistich
‘Critically endangered’ endemic plant species recently rediscovered in the Nilgiris
The incredibly rare Arisaematranslucens, more commonly remembered as the cobra lily, was recently rediscover-ed in the western Nilgiris after 84 years by nature enthusiasts K.M. Prabhu Kumar and Tarun Chhabra. Featuring a distinctive translucent spathe, it was last collected by E. Barnes in 1932 and described by C.E.C Fischer in 1933.
Barely a few hundred cobra lily plants are left in the wild and they can be found only in a small area measuring less than 10 square kilometres in the Nilgiris. News of the discove-ry was published in May 2017 in Phytotaxa, a journal on botanical taxonomy.
“The Toda tribals of the Nilgiris, who know the planet well, have an embroidery motif known as the ‘podwarshk’, which resembles it,” Mr. Chhabra, author of The Toda Landscape, told The Hindu. “If I am not mistaken, this is probably the only member of the Arisaema family to have a translucent spathe, and they are very beautiful.”
Risk of extinction
He added that such was the depth of the indigenous community’s knowledge that they could predict the early arrival of monsoons from the blooming of the cobra lily's ‘translucens’. Prized for their beauty around the world, cobra lilies are at even greater risk of extinction from the commercial trade in exotic plants.
Of the handful cobra lily species found in the Nilgiris, only two are endemic, said Mr. Chhabra, who has called for the protection of the patch of land where the Arisaema translucens were found. Likely to have been quite common once, cobra lilies have vanished in the past decades along with the disappearance of the shola tree patches in which they were found. The rediscovery of the plant highlights the importance of preserving whatever is left of shola tree patches, even inside plantations and tea fields.
Dr. Prabhu Kumar, a senior scientist from Kerala and one of the co-authors of the paper, said that based on its tiny population and distribution, the Arisaema translucens could be considered ‘critically endangered’, and concurred that measures must be put in place immediately for their long-term survival.
India accounts for 20% of global pneumonia deaths under the age of five; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to be rolled out in H.P., U.P. and Bihar.
India on Saturday rolled out the long-awaited anti-pneumonia vaccine as part of the government’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP). The vaccine will protect children against severe forms of pneumococcal disease, such as pneumonia and meningitis.
The vaccine programme aims to protect nearly 270 lakh newborns against 12 preventable diseases every year.
Universal immunisation
“Our goal is to ensure that no child dies in the country from vaccine preventable diseases. We stand committed to reducing child deaths and providing a healthier future to our children. While these vaccines in the private sector were accessible to only those who could afford them, by making them available under the UIP, the government is ensuring equitable access to those who need them the most, the underprivileged and underserved,” Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda said while launching the vaccine.
Pneumococcal disease is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in children under five years of age globally and in India. India accounts for nearly 20% of global pneumonia deaths in this age group.
The three-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) will be rolled out in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, six districts of Uttar Pradesh and 17 districts of Bihar as a part of the first phase. The vaccine will give protection against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria which cause pneumonia disease.
Vishakhadatta mudrarakshasa
Bhasha svapnavasadatta
Sudraka little clay cart mrich katika
Kaidasa
Malvikagnimitra.love of makvika agnimitra
Vikramorvasiya love of vikram urvasi
Abhigyana shakauntalam.. recognising shakuntala
Meghduta..cloud messanger
Kumara sambhava..birth of kumar
Raghusambhva..birth of raghu
Ritusambra..medely of 4 season
Varahmihira
Brihat samhita..
Panch siddhantika... book on astrology
Amuktamalyada is an epic poem in Telugu composed by Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagar Dynasty. Amuktamalyada translates to one who wears and gives away garlands
Brahmagupta brahmasupta sidhantika..mentioned zero for the first time
Bhaskaracharya...siddhant siromini having arithmetic algebra sphere nd astrology
Charka samhita on herbs and plants
Susrut samhita on surgery and obsetrics
Budhyana sulvasutra
Badryana brahmasutra
Vatsyana kamasutra
The government will shift Rs500-crore Price Stabalisation Fund (PSF) to consumer affairs ministry from agriculture ministry for effective control of price rise in essential commodities and provide relief to the consumers.
Last year, PSF was created with a corpus of Rs500 crore under the agriculture ministry. The fund was to be used to support market interventions for managing prices of perishable agri-horticultural commodities by procuring directly from farmers and later supplying at reasonable rates to consumers.
“The purpose of PSF was to provide relief to consumers from price rise. So far, the fund has been used mostly with an aim to provide relief to farmers, who otherwise are covered under the minimum support price system.
Hence, PSF is being shifted,” according to sources. An in-principle approval has already been given to move this fund to the consumer affairs ministry, which faced difficulty in handling the pulses price issue last year in the absence of direct say in using the fund for timely market interventions, sources said.
Even food and consumer affairs minister Ram Vilas Paswan had raised this issue when retail pulses prices had shot up to Rs200 per kg in most retail markets last year.
In the 2015-16 fiscal, the fund was being used for import of pulses as well as creation of buffer stock of lentils as the prices of these commodities were continuing to rule high. It was also used to buy onion and potatoes to boost local supply and check rates.
So far, 20,000 tonnes of pulses has been procured from farmers from 2015 kharif crops. Tenders have been floated to buy more pulses from overseas market.
Astronomers have created the first map of the large-scale structure of the universe based entirely on the positions of quasars. Quasars are the incredibly bright and distant points of light powered by super-massive black holes. “Because quasars are so bright, we can see them all the way across the universe,” said Ashley Ross of the Ohio State University in the US.
CBEC's IT systems need to integrate with the Goods & Services Tax Network (GSTN) for processing of registration, payment and returns data sent by GSTN systems to CBEC, as well as act as a front-end for other modules like Audit, Appeal, Investigation. There is no overlap in the GST-related systems of CBEC and GSTN. This IT infrastructure is also urgently required for continuation of CBEC's e-Services in Customs, Central Excise & Service Tax, implementation of tax¬payer services such as scanned document upload facility, extension of Indian Customs Single Window Interface for Facilitating Trade (SWIFT) initiative and integration with Government initiatives such as E-Nivesh, E-Taal, e- - See more at: http://www.drishtiias.com/upsc-exam-gs-resources-Project-Saksham#sthash.lOgpJpsr.dpuf
With a little more than a week before Finance Minister Arun Jaitley presents the Budget, the N.K. Singh panel submitted its report on revising the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act to Mr. Jaitley.
Government today constituted a Committee headed by Dr. Shankar Acharya (former Chief Economic Adviser) to examine the desirability and feasibility of having ‘a new financial year’; The Committee to submit its Report by 31st December, 2016.
Ratan watal committee ..payment regulatory board
The Ministry of Railways had appointed a High Level Safety Review Committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Anil Kakodkar to review the safety of the Indian Railways and recommend improvements. The Committee recently presented its report. The Committee recommends a total financial investment of Rs 1,00,000 crore over a five year period.
Lhb instead of icf
Anupam verma committee to look into banned fertiliser across the world
Justice esawar.. direct tax reform
Global burden of disease by lancet
World Happiness report by un sustainable development network
Edwin Samuel Montagu served as Secretary of State for India between 1917 and 1922. On 20 August 1917, he made a historic declaration in the House of Commons defining the goal of British policies in India. In the previous month, he had made a scathing attack on the whole system by which India was being administered in a debate in British House of Commons. It is also known as August Declaration of 1917
Contents
Title of Montague DeclarationReaction of IndiansThe Duke MemorandumCommittee under Montague Chelmsford
Title of Montague Declaration
The Montague declaration is titled:
“Increasing association of Indians in every branch of administration, and the Gradual development of self governing Institutions with a view to the progressive realization of responsible governments in India as an Integral part of the British Empire”.
The Keyword was Responsible Government; the rulers must be answerable to the elected representatives. In November 1917, Montagu visited India to ascertain the views from all sections of political opinion from India. He discussed with Gandhi, with Jinnah and others. On the basis of the above discussions, a detailed report on Indian Constitutional Reforms was prepared. This report was published in July 1918. This report became the basis of Government of India Act 1919. Montague declaration, again after a gap of more than half a century of Queen Victoria’s proclamation 1858, was called the “Magna Carta of India“.
Reaction of Indians
The nationalists criticized it, as it lacked their legitimate expectations. The declaration was criticized in the December 1917 Calcutta session, in which Annie Besant as president – pleaded for establishment of Self Government in India. Tilak characterized the Montague reforms as “unworthy and disappointing- a sunless dawn“. Mrs. Besant said that it was something “unworthy of England to offer and India to accept“.
But the moderates led by Surendranath Banerjee supported the Montague declaration in November 1918 in a separate conference. Thus Congress again got split. The extremist remnants crated another front All India Liberal Federation, which soon disappeared from the scene.
The Duke Memorandum
Garuda shakti...its g not v as indonesia os closer to india than France.
CORPAT.. coordinated patrol again india indonesia
